Glossary

National Environmental Balancing Bureau (United States)

National Electrical Code (United States)

National Electrical Contractors Association

The pathological death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage to the nucleus.

(BCS) Testing aimed at showing that software does not work.

New England Journal of Medicine

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (United States)

As a way of standardizing enclosure performance, NEMA uses a rating system to identify the enclosure’s ability to resist external environmental influences. Resistance to everything from dripping liquid to hose-down to total submersion is defined by this rating system. For more detailed and complete information, NEMA Standards Publication 250-1997, “Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)” should be consulted.Enclosure Types for Non-Hazardous Locations1.Type 1 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment and to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt.2.Type 2 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment, to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids.3.Type 3 – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.4.Type 3R – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, and snow; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.5.Type 3S – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust; and in which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden.1.Type 4 – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.2.Type 4X – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust, splashing water, hose-directed water, and corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.3.Type 5 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against settling airborne dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids.4.Type 6 – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.5.Type 6P – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure6.Type 12 – Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and against dripping and light splashing of liquids.7.Type 12K – Enclosures constructed (with knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and against dripping and light splashing of liquids8.Type 13 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and against the spraying, splashing, and seepage of water, oil, and noncorrosive coolants.Enclosure Types for Hazardous Locations9.Type 7 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use in hazardous locations classified as Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, or D as defined in NFPA 70. When completely and properly installed and maintained these types of enclosures are designed to contain an internal explosion without causing an external hazard.1.Type 8 – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use in hazardous locations classified as Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, or D as defined in NFPA 70. When completely and properly installed and maintained these types of enclosures are designed to prevent combustion through the use of oil-immersed equipment.1.Type 9 – Enclosures constructed for indoor use in hazardous locations classified as Class II, Division 1, Groups E, F, or G as defined in NFPA 70. When completely and properly installed and maintained these types of enclosures are designed to prevent the ignition of combustible dust.1.Type 10 – Enclosures constructed to meet the requirements of the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), CFR Title 30 - Mineral Resources – Part 18. When completely and properly installed and maintained these types of enclosures are designed to contain an internal explosion without causing an external hazard.

A class of slender, unsegmented worms, often parasitic. Also known as eelworms, especially when phytoparasitic.

A newborn.

Any new growth of cells or tissues but the term is customarily used with rather specific reference to a focus (or a relatively large mass or region) of intermittently or constantly progressive, comparatively unlimited, or uncontrolled new growth that manifests varying degrees of autonomy.

National Environment Policy Act

Any apparatus used to measure the size and concentration of particles in a liquid by analysis of light transmitted through or reflected by the liquid.

The semiquantitative estimation of the concentration of particles in a suspension (e.g. bacterial cells in an antigenic preparation), by means of comparing it with the standard suspensions in a nephelometer.

A cytotoxin that is specific for cells of the kidney.

National Electrical Safety Code

National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants

New Erythropoietic Stimulating Protein

(FDA) An arrangement of nodes and interconnecting branches.

(ISO) A system (transmission channels and supporting hardware and software) that connects several remotely located computers via telecommunications.

A database organization method that allows for data relationships in a net-like form. A single data element can point to multiple data elements and can itself be pointed to by other data elements

The specific physical (real) or logical (virtual) arrangement of the elements of a network. NOTE: Two networks have the same topology if the connection configuration is the same although the networks may differ in physical interconnections, distances between nodes, transmission rates, and/or signal types.

Axis cylinder process; a slender, usually single, process from the cell body of the neuron.

An inherited progressive disorder in which tumors form on peripheral nerves. The tumors can be severely disfiguring and can result in loss of hearing and vision, cancer, epilepsy, bone deformities, and learning disabilities.