Glossary

Guanine residue in either DNA or RNA.

Proteins with an important role in relaying signals in mammalian cells. The proteins occur on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and transmit signals from outside the membrane, via transmembrane receptors, to adenylate cyclase, which catalyses the formation of the second messenger, cyclic AMP, inside the cell. G-proteins derive their name from their ability to bind to guanine nucleotides, namely GTP and GDP; the GTP-protein complex is able to activate adenylate cyclase, whereas the GDP-protein complex is unable. G-proteins are activated when the signaling molecule (typically a hormone) binds to the transmembrane receptor.

Gypsum Association

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Glycosaminoglycans

An electrically driven process by which the materials in contact with each other oxidize or corrode. There are three conditions that must exist for galvanic corrosion to occur. First, there must be two electrochemically dissimilar materials present. Second, there must be an electrically conductive path between the two metals. An third, there must be a conductive path for the metal ions to move from the more anodic metal to the more cathodic metal. If any of these three conditions does not exist, galvanic corrosion will not exist. In general the further apart the materials are in the galvanic series, the higher the risk of galvanic corrosion, which should be prevented by design.

Coating steel with zinc and tin (principally zinc) for rust proofing purposes. Formerly for the purpose of galvanizing, cut length steel sheets were passed singly through a bath of the molten metal. Today's galvanizing processing method consists of uncoiling and passing the continuous length of successive coils either through a molten bath of the metal termed Hot Dipped Galvanizing or by continuously zinc coating the uncoiled sheet electrolytically, termed Electro-Galvanizing.

A mature reproductive cell which is capable of fusing with a cell of similar origin but of opposite sex to form a zygote from which a new organism can develop. Gametes have a haploid chromosome content. In animals, a gamete is a sperm or egg; in plants, it is pollen, spermatic nucleus, or ovum.

A blood protein that plays a major role in the process of immunity. Sometimes the term “gamma globulin” refers to a whole group of blood proteins that are known as antibodies or immunoglobulins (Ig). Most often, however, it applies to a particular immunoglobulin, designated as IgG, believed to be the most abundant type of antibody in the body.

A physical means of sterilization or decontamination also known as “Cold Process” (temperature of the processed product does not significantly increase) that uses electromagnetic radiation of very short wave lengths. Gamma Irradiation kills bacteria by breaking down bacterial DNA and inhibiting bacterial division.The most common source of gamma rays for irradiation processing comes from the radioactive isotope Cobalt 60 which is manufactured specifically for the Gamma Irradiation process.

Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (ISPE term)

Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities.

General Accounting Office

An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous filler metal (consumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. Some variations of this process are called MIG (Metal Inert Gas) or CO2 welding, nonpreferred terms.

A cavity generally under 0.063 in. (1.6 mm) in diameter, formed by entrapped gas during solidification of molten metal.

A separately ventilated, fully enclosed room in which only toxic and highly toxic compressed gases and associated equipment and supplies are stored or used.

The rate at which gases are transferred from gas into solution. It is an important parameter in fermentation systems because it controls the rate at which the organism can metabolize. Gas transfer can be done by several methods, including use of small gas bubbles, that diffuse faster than larger ones, thanks to their larger surface area per unit of volume; or spreading the liquid out, for example in a thin sheet, or in a thin permeable tube, as in hollow fibre bioreactor.

An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a tungsten (nonconsumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from a gas or gas mixture. (This process is sometimes called TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, a nonpreferred term). GTAW may be performed by adding filler material to the weld, or by a fusion process in which no filler is added.

Static seal made from deformable material compressed between two mating surfaces.

One-piece glove covering the full arm-length.

Gigabyte

Green Building Initiative