Glossary

Laboratory Information Management System

Several individuals originating from a common descent, such as the production of a cell line from a single cell plated in vitro.

Porosity that occurs in a linear pattern. Linear porosity generally occurs in the root pass from inadequate joint penetration.

(ICH Q2 (R1)) The linearity of an analytical procedure is its ability (within a given range) to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration (amount) of analyte in the sample.

A vessel having a corrosion resistance lining attached intermittently to the vessel wall.

The proximity of two or more markers (e.g., genes, RFLP markers) on a chromosome; the closer together the markers are, the lower the probability that they will be separated during DNA repair or replication processes (binary fission in prokaryotes, mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotes), and hence the greater the probability that they will be inherited together.

Where alleles occur together more often than can be accounted for by chance. Indicates that the two alleles are physically close on the DNA strand.

(IEEE) A computer program that creates a single load module from two or more independently translated object modules or load modules by resolving cross references among the modules and, possibly, by relocating elements. May be part of a loader. Synonymous: Link Editor, Linker.

A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined on the basis of how often the loci are inherited together. Distance is measured in centimorgans (cM).

A synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotide that carries the sequence for one or more restriction endonuclease sites.

Hydrophobic biological compounds (fats and fatlike materials) that are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, chloroform, and ether. The major components in most lipids are fatty acids.

A class of serum proteins that transport lipids and cholesterol in the blood stream. Abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism have been implicated in certain heart diseases.

A microscopic artificial membrane vesicle consisting of a spherical phospholipid bilayer. Liposomes can be incorporated into living cells and used to transport relatively toxic drugs into diseased cells, where they can exert their maximum effect. DNA molecules may be entrapped in, or bound to the surface of, the vesicles, and subsequent fusion of the liposome with the cell membrane will deliver the DNA into the cell. Liposomes have been used to develop an efficient transfection procedure for Streptomyces bacteria.

Liquefied gases are those elements or compounds that become liquid in their containers at ambient temperatures and at specified pressures from 25 psig (172 kPa) to 1500 psig (10,340 kPa). These gases, or compounds, have boiling points very near to atmospheric temperatures, in the range of -130ºF (-90ºC) to 68ºF (20ºC).

Analytical method used to separate mixtures of substances based on the differential distribution of the substances between a stationary phase (material such as silica gel or silicic acid, usually contained in a column, tube, or capillary) and a liquid mobile phase (a medium that carries the sample through the stationary phase). This very effective technique can separate substances that are nearly identical).

Thin films made up of liquids (as opposed to solids) which are stable in another liquid (usually water). Thus the liquid must not dissolve in the water, but nevertheless must be prevented from collapsing into a lot of small droplets.

Nitrogen gas condensed to a liquid with a boiling point of about –196°C. Very commonly the medium in which containers of genetic material are stored.

A method of nondestructive examination that provides for the detection of imperfections open to the surface in ferrous and nonferrous materials that are nonporous. Typical imperfections detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, and laminations. Refer to ASME BPVC, Section V (Nondestructive Examination), Article 6, paragraph T-600, for testing an anomaly or an indication.

Refer to ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 6, para. T-600, for testing an anomaly or an indication.

Financial penalties an owner can incur to a supplier’s contract for failure to meet a specific milestone as defined in the contract conditions.

A metric unit of volume. One U.S. quart is 0.9463529 liter. One liter equals 1000 cubic centimeters.

A pH indicator paper (range 4.5-8.3) impregnated with an extracted lichen pigment. It turns red in acidic and blue in alkaline solutions. However, the use of litmus paper as an indicator is not a precise method of pH measurement.