Glossary

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Gulf Cooperation Countries (ICH)

Global Cooperation Group (ICH)

Good Control Laboratory Practice

Good Clinical Practices

Good Distribution Practice

Global Data Siynchronization Network

A lyophilic colloid that has coagulated to a rigid or jelly-like solid. It is used for the electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids or proteins, and for encapsulation.

A DNA separation technique that is very important in DNA sequencing. Standard sequencing procedures involve cloning DNA fragments into special sequencing cloning vectors that carry tiny pieces of DNA. The next step is to determine the base sequence of the tiny fragments by a special procedure that generates a series of even tinier DNA fragments that differ in size by only one base. These nested fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis, in which the DNA pieces are added to a gelatinous solution, allowing the fragments to work their way down through the gel. Smaller pieces move faster and will reach the bottom first. Movement through the gel is hastened by applying an electrical field to the gel.

The phenomenon of formation of a layer of insoluble/semi-soluble material at a liquid/filter interface. It is a common occurrence with excessive linear velocity flow through filters of colloidal suspensions and macromolecular solutions.

Electromagnetic charge of a jellylike material.

A glutinous, proteinaceous gelling and solidifying agent. Gelatin is produced by boiling animal connective tissues, which partially hydrolyses the collagen. Gelatin is used to gel or solidify nutrient solutions for tissue culture.

The brand name of a Pseudomonas-derived refined polysaccharide used as a gelling agent and agar substitute.

Global Ecolabeling Network

The natural unit of hereditary material that is the physical basis for the transmission of the characteristics of living organisms from one generation to another. The basic genetic material is fundamentally the same in all living organisms. It consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in most organisms and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in certain viruses, and is usually associated in a linear arrangement that, in part, constitutes the chromosome. The average length of a gene is 1µm and thus, about one million genes could be contained in a one-meter stretch of DNA.The segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain, it includes regions preceding (leader) and following (trailer) the coding region as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons).

The natural unit of hereditary material that is the physical basis for the transmission of the characteristics of living organisms from one generation to another.

An increase in the number of copies of any particular piece of DNA. A tumor cell amplifies, or copies, DNA segments naturally because of cell signals and sometimes environmental events.

Development of cDNA microarrays from a large number of genes. Used to monitor and measure changes in gene expression for each gene represented on the chip.

The process of synthesizing multiple copies of a particular DNA sequence using a bacteria cell or another organism as a host. The gene of interest is inserted into a self-replicating DNA molecule (DNA vector, often a plasmid) and the resulting recombinant DNA molecule is amplified in an appropriate host cell. Used in genetic engineering. Also known as Molecular Cloning; Cloning.

The process by which a gene’s coded information is converted into the structures present and operating in the cell. Expressed genes include those that are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein and those that are transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein (e.g., transfer and ribosomal RNAs).

Group of closely related genes that makes similar products.

The incorporation of one or more copies of a gene into a chromosome.