Glossary

Mass having a fluffy or wooly appearance.

A precipitate, sometimes a flaky or fluffy aggregate that resembles a woolly cloud; the aggregation of initially separate cells that form flocs.

A technique for liquid/solids separation. Cationic or anionic polyelectrolytes (e.g. polyacrylamides) are added to highly colloidal water causing coagulation and subsequent settling. The phenomena could be charge neutralization or a bridging effect between separate particles.

Micro-organism aggregate or colloidal particle floating in or on a liquid. Contaminated liquid media are usually cloudy, illustrating this flocculation phenomenon.

Architectural terms for material or personnel traffic patterns in the facility.

Analysis of biological material by detection of light-absorbing or fluorescing properties of cells or subcellular fractions (i.e., chromosomes) passing in a narrow stream through a laser beam. An absorbance or fluorescence profile of the sample is produced. Automated sorting devices, used to fractionate samples, sort successive droplets of the analyzed stream into different fractions depending on the fluorescence emitted by each droplet.

Measuring the decline in flow rate through a filter to establish a Silt Index for the water being filtered. The Silt Index is a measure of suspended solids and their ability to clog the filter.

A flow-limiting orifice used to control flow rate or pressure drop in a liquid stream.

(IEEE) A control flow diagram in which suitably annotated geometrical figures are used to represent operations, data, or equipment, and arrows are used to indicate the sequential flow from one to another. Synonym: Flow Diagram.

(ISO) A graphical representation in which symbols are used to represent such things as operations, data, flow direction, and equipment, for the definition, analysis, or solution of a problem.

Device with apparatus to directly measure the airflow volume at each final filter or air diffuser in an installation, set up to completely cover the filter or diffuser.

A material continuum that is unable to withstand a static shear stress. Unlike an elastic solid which responds to a shear stress with a recoverable deformation, a fluid responds with an irrecoverable flow. Typically, liquids are considered to be incompressible, whereas gases are considered to be compressible. However, there are exceptions in everyday engineering applications.Fluid flow can be either laminar or turbulent. The factor that determines which type of flow is present is the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces within the fluid, expressed by the nondimensional Reynolds Number.Typically, viscous stresses within a flow tend to stabilize and organize the flow, whereas excessive fluid inertia tends to disrupt organized flow leading to chaotic turbulent behavior.Fluid flows are laminar for Reynolds Numbers up to 2000. Beyond a Reynolds Number of 4000, the flow is completely turbulent. Between 2000 and 4000, the flow is in transition between laminar and turbulent, and it is possible to find subregions of both flow types within a given flow field.

As defined in ASME B31.3, fluid service is a general term concerning the application of a piping system, considering the combination of fluid properties, operating conditions, and other factors, which establish the basis for design of the piping system.1.Category D Fluid Service: A fluid service in which all the following apply: (a) the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissues (see definition below). (b) The design gage pressure does not exceed 1035 kPA (150 psi). (c) The design temperature is from -29ºC (-20ºF) through 186ºC (366ºF).2.Category M Fluid Service: A fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage can produce serious irreversible harm to persons upon breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are taken.3.High Pressure Fluid Service: A fluid service for which the owner specifies the use of chapter IX (High Pressure Piping) for piping design and construction.4.Normal Fluid Service: A fluid service pertaining to most piping covered by ASME B31.3, i.e., not subject to the rules for Category D, Category M, or High Pressure Fluid Service, and not subject to severe cyclic conditions.Damaging to human tissues for the purpose of the Code, describes a fluid service in which exposure to the fluid, caused by leakage under expected operating conditions, can harm skin, eyes, or exposed mucous membranes so that irreversible damage may result unless prompt restorative measures are taken. These measures may include, flushing with water, administration of antidotes, or medication.

A container holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported.

An orange-red compound, C20H12O5, which exhibits intense fluorescence in alkaline solution.

The immediate emission of electromagnetic radiation, typically visible light, from molecules following absorption of light with a shorter wavelength.

Probe whose response is based on the fluorescence intensity of individual cells or cell components.

Fluorinated plastics are thermoplastic paraffinic polymers where the hydrogen has been replaced by fluorine, and in some cases, chlorine. These materials are some of the more popular in the CPI because of good chemical resistance to a wide variety of aggressive chemicals, and relatively high heat resistance of 400°F to 500°F. They include FEP, PTFE, PFA, PCTFE, ETFE, PVDF, and PVF.

Polymer material having a carbon chain either partially or completely bonded to fluorine atoms.

Cleansing for the removal of particulates or water soluble contaminants, brought about by the flowing of large quantities of water over the product and/or solution contact surfaces of system components.(also see: Rinsing)

The flowing of water over the product and/or solution contact surfaces of system components for the removal of particulates or water soluble contaminants.

The rate of flow. A lower flux means a slower flow, usually caused by clogging.

Chlorinated solvents with alcohols that may be sprayed from aerosol cans to remove welding flux.