Glossary

Water that is introduced into a purification process.

A central concept in industrial controls, in which the value of a process variable is compared with the desired value, and any discrepancy is converted into a corrective signal.

(ICH Q10) Feedback: The modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects.Feedforward: The modification or control of a process using its anticipated results or effects. (Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press; 2003)Feedback/ feedforward can be applied technically in process control strategies and conceptually in quality management.

The raw broth containing particles to be removed that is placed into a laboratory or manufacturing appliance such as a centrifuge or chromatography column.

The water entering a treatment process.

Fist-Expired-First-Out

Front End Loading

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Fluorinated (perfluoro)Ethylene Propylene (Teflon®)

Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene rubber

The biochemical synthesis of organic compounds by microorganisms or cultivated cells.

The process of growing microorganisms within an enclosed stirred tank (fermenter) under controlled conditions of aeration, agitation, temperature, and pH. The different types organisms used as a basis for fermentation are:1.Bacteria (E. coli)2.Yeasts3.Molds4.CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells5.Kidney cells6.Vaccines to viruses

The axenic growth of microbial cells in stirred vessels called “fermenters”. The term is also frequently applied to mammalian cell culture when the cells are grown in suspension in stirred fermenters called “bioreactors”. The term “fermentation” originally referred to the metabolism of carbon compounds under anaerobic conditions. Today the term refers to all biotechnological production methods.

A tank or vessel used for carrying out fermentation. There are various choices of fermenters, depending on whether cells are suspended in the medium or attached to some type of support:1.In suspension reactors2.Attached growth reactors3.Stirred-tank reactors4.Airlift fermenters5.Packed bed reactors6.Two-chamber reactors7.Hollow-fiber reactors

An apparatus that maintain optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms, used in large-scale fermentation and in the commercial production of antibiotics and hormones. Bioreactor used to grow bacteria or yeasts in liquid culture.

A vessel for carrying out fermentation.

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A solid solution of one or more elements in body-centered cubic iron. Unless otherwise designated (for instance, as chromium ferrite), the solute is generally assumed to be carbon. On some equilibrium diagrams there are two ferrite regions separated by an austenite area. The lower area is alpha ferrite; the upper, delta ferrite. If there is no designation, alpha ferrite is assumed.

A non-destructive, non-quantitative and calorimetric spot test used on stainless steel and other alloys to detect iron contamination.

(ASTM A 380) A highly sensitive test that should be used only when even traces of free iron or iron oxide might be objectionable. The test can be used on stainless steel to detect iron contamination, including iron-tool marks, residual-iron salts from pickling solutions, iron dust, iron deposits in welds, embedded iron or iron oxide, etc. The test solution is prepared by first adding nitric acid to distilled water and then adding potassium ferricyanide in the proportions defined in ASTM A380. The solution is applied with an aluminum, plastic, glass, or rubber atomizer having no iron or steel parts, or a swab (atomizer spray is preferred).The appearance of a blue stain (within 15 seconds of application) is evidence of surface iron contamination (several minutes may be required for detection of oxide scale). The solution should be removed from the surface as quickly as possible after testing using water or, if necessary, white vinegar, or a solution of 5 to 20 weight % acetic acid and scrubbing with a fiber brush. Flush the surface with water several times after use of vinegar or acetic acid.

Of an organism: Capable of breeding and reproduction.

Feline Sarcoma Virus

The liquid portion remaining after natural coagulation of blood drawn from the heart of an unborn calf. Because of the absence of gamma globulin, fetal calf serum is a good tissue culture serum.

The product of conception from implantation until delivery. 45CFR46.203(c)