Glossary

A group of cells in which cytoplasmic continuity is maintained.

The group or recognizable pattern of symptoms or abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease.

A biological response to multiple substances where one substance worsens the effect of another substance. The combined effect of the substances acting together is greater than the sum of the effects of the substances acting by themselves.

Genetically identical members of the same species.

A nucleus formed by the fusion of nuclei from two different somatic cells during somatic-cell hybridization.

The structural or grammatical rules that define how symbols in a language are to be combined to form words, phrases, expressions, and other allowable constructs.

The occurrence of two or more loci on the same chromosome, without regard to the distance between them.

Creating products through chemical and enzymatic reactions.

Creating products through chemical and enzymatic reactions.

An organization of engineering components, which have a defined operational function, e.g., piping, instrumentation, equipment, facilities, computer hardware, computer software, etc.

An organization of engineering components that have a defined operational function and can include: processing equipment, facilities, utilities, etc.

(DOD) A composite, at any level of complexity, of personnel, procedures, materials, tools, equipment, facilities, and software. The elements of this composite entity are used together in the intended operational or support environment to perform a given task or achieve a specific purpose, support, or mission requirement.

(ANSI) People, machines, and methods organized to accomplish a set of specific functions.

(ISO) Set of interrelated or interacting elements.

Equipment, procedures, and other resources required to perform or control a process.

An organization of engineering components, which have a defined operational function, e.g., piping, instrumentation, equipment, facilities, computer hardware, computer software, etc.

The person that is charged with the overall administration, and operation of a computer system. The System Administrator is normally an employee or a member of the establishment. Synonymous: System Manager.

(ISO) A systematic investigation of a real or planned system to determine the functions of the system and how they relate to each other and to any other system.

A limit drawn around a system to logically defined what is, and is not included in the system.

General description of the system, describing its components, its designed unit operation functional capabilities, critical functions, and the boundaries of the system(s) covered under the protocol.

(ISO) A process of defining the hardware and software architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements.

(IEEE) A review conducted to evaluate the manner in which the requirements for a system have been allocated to configuration items, the system engineering process that produced the allocation, the engineering planning for the next phase of the effort, manufacturing considerations, and the planning for production engineering.

(ISO) The collection of documents that describe the requirements, capabilities, limitations, design, operation, and maintenance of an information processing system.

(ISO) The progressive linking and testing of system components into a complete system.